[31], The Osage orange is commonly used as a tree row windbreak in prairie states, which gives it one of its colloquial names, "hedge apple". Formation of hematomas beneath the skin The bright orange wood can be used for fenceposts and construction material because it takes forever to rot. They turn yellow in the fall. "Anachronistic fruits and the ghosts who haunt them." Ovaries are superior, ovate, compressed, green, and crowned by a long slender style covered with white stigmatic hairs. When feeding apples as a treat always cut them in slices. [16] They liked the wood because it was strong, flexible and durable,[3] and the bush/tree was common along river bottoms of the Comanchería. Flowers are showy, umbrella-like clusters and appear in late summer. The fruits secrete a sticky white latex when cut or damaged. Arnoldia 61, no. Other common plant names include hedge apple, bodark, bois d'arc, and bowwood.The Osage-orange is a small- to medium-sized tree. Foliage has been used to feed silkworms and a yellow die has been made from the root bark. [6] The seeds are oblong. The leaf axils contain formidable spines which when mature are about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) long. Apples are a popular and healthy fruit, and a big part of American culture and history. Yes, apples are a favorite (although messy) horse treat, however the seeds are toxic and equines should not be allowed unlimited access to apple trees. Jaundice 5. Whilst nitrates aren’t too toxic, they can be converted to nitrites by plants or by the horse. It is loaded with juice that is milky and acid. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION:  Male and female trees grow to about 50 feet in height and have strong spines on the stems. It’s a good idea to chop them up, because an overly ambitious horse … Apples are easy to cultivate and tailor to certain tastes because of their resilient genetic diversity. [30] Primary components of fresh fruit include pectin (46%), resin (17%), fat (5%), and sugar (before hydrolysis, 5%). Schneid.) If you have horses and a garden, you'll have to be careful that you do not have certain plants on your property. [10], American settlers used the Osage orange (i.e. Maclura pomifera, commonly known as the Osage orange, horse apple, hedge, or hedge apple tree is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8 to 15 metres (30–50 ft) tall. [18] The wood is heavy, hard, strong, and flexible, capable of receiving a fine polish and very durable in contact with the ground. [14], The trees were named bois d'arc (or "bow-wood"),[3] by early French settlers who observed the wood being used for war clubs and bow-making by Native Americans. The horse apples form on the female plants only.FLOWERS AND FRUIT:  The insignificant flowers form in the spring from April to June. Branches contain a yellow pith, and are armed with stout, straight, axillary spines. As a dioecious plant, the inconspicuous pistillate (female) and staminate (male) flowers are found on different trees. Even the trusty horse-safe stand-bys such as apples and carrots are too sugary. Toxic Principles: Cyanogenic glycosides. Some people are allergic to the milky sap from the stems, leaves and fruit and develop dermatitis. Muscle spasms 11. It is definitely native to the Great Blackland Prairies of Texas. Scientific studies have found that extracts of Osage orange do repel several insect species. In addition, apple seeds contain cyanide, a highly toxic chemical to most animals. The hedge apple takes many different names, including the Osage orange, the Maclura pomifera and bodark. photo credit: WxMom. They are talking about the tiny bit of cyanide in the seeds (If the seeds are actually crunched and do not just pass through as designed to do by nature) In large enough quantities, any apple (or crab apple) can cause gastrointestinal upset. Most people use the entire fruit without cutting in half. The mayapple plant tastes bitter and will immediately cause irritation. The distinctive fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, bumpy, 8 to 15 centimetres (3–6 in) in diameter, and turns bright yellow-green in the fall. In some cases, fruit- or nut-bearing trees contribute to colics when horses gorge on their produce. Bleeding from the nose 8. In the springtime, emerging leaves may taste fresher to your horse than a dry hay bale. Crossbills are said to peck the seeds out. Nitrites have greater toxicity and can lead to liver damage. Hedge Apples and Humans The American Association of … Recumbence (lying down) 10. The tree's mature bark is dark, deeply furrowed and scaly. The leaves of the Osage-orange are a shiny medium to dark green. Very often a Hedge apple is incorrectly referred to as a Hedge Ball, Horse Apple, Green Brains, Monkey Balls or Mock Orange. Apples are delicious, nutritious treats for horses, and people, but contain a lot of sugars. If your horse has an active hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP), potassium is leaked into its blood stream from the muscles continuously. Dried citrus pulp (the leftover material from juice production) is a common ingredient in livestock feed and can be used in horse … The wood of M. pomifera is golden to bright yellow but fades to medium brown with ultraviolet light exposure. Fever 4. Apple. They also have antioxidant properties that help protect against cancer-inducing oxidative damage, which can lead to various health problems. In this case, an apple a day will not keep the vet away. Horses actually do eat the fruit, which has caused deaths due to lodging in the animal’s throat. "Hedge apple" trees (also called Osage orange, Maclura pomifera) are not related to apples or oranges and their fruit is inedible.The large, grapefruit-sized, brain-like green fruit are better-known that the trees and show up in the fall of the year in stores and farmers markets where they are sold for their purported ability to repel insects. Despite the name "Osage orange",[3] it is not related to the orange. [25][41][42] In 2004, the EPA insisted that a website selling M. pomifera fruits online remove any mention of their supposed repellent properties as false advertising. Abdominal pain (colic) 5. Acorns contain high levels of tannic acid, which can cause colic, diarrhoea or constipation. In autumn they turn bright yellow. In landscape situations bois d’arc generally should be removed to favor more desirable plants. Convulsions 12. 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