The colonization of South Africa took place in the early 1800s by the British. For 150 years, the Dutch were the predominant foreign influence in South Africa. Such as Mining industry and the gold industry. Afrikaans language, West Germanic language of South Africa, developed from 17th-century Dutch, sometimes called Netherlandic, by the descendants of European (Dutch, German, and French) colonists, indigenous Khoisan peoples, and African and Asian slaves in the Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope. These events were probably almost entirely unknown to leaders in Holland in the late 18th century, let alone the average Dutch person—although they were in many ways a predictable consequence of both the colonial impulse and the European ideologies of racism then prevailing. The Dutch built the Castle of Good Hope and completed it in 1679. As Thompson puts it, the aim was to "recreate the social and economic structure of the Cape colony," one based on the subordination of nonwhites as laborers for whites. South Africa - South Africa - Diamonds, gold, and imperialist intervention (1870–1902): South Africa experienced a transformation between 1870, when the diamond rush to Kimberley began, and 1902, when the South African War ended. Second, knowing this history helps make sense of the continued inequalities and under-development that haunt sub-Saharan Africa. 1850-1890 Passengers arriving in South African Ports- by the The Genealogical Society of South Africa false (dutch) ... the major source of wealth in africa was the continent's agricultural resources. The infrastructure of the colony began to change: English replaced Dutch as the language of administration; the British pound sterling replaced the Dutch rix-dollar; and newspaper publishing began in Cape Town in 1824. The Cape became a vital base for Britain prior to the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, and the Cape’s economy was meshed with that of Britain. A chronology of key events in the history of South Africa from 4th-century migrations to the present day. Territory is returned to the Dutch in 1803; ceded to the British in 1806. Most Europeans still regarded the settlement as a pit stop. Slavery (of Africans, but also of some Asians) was a feature of the new colony almost from day one, as was the process of subjugating the local indigenous population. Anglo-Boer commandos provided another source of African labour by illegally capturing San women and children (many of the men were killed) as well as Africans from across the eastern frontier. Covers a high percentage of the 1820 settlers who went to South Africa from the British Isles. English settlers in substantial numbers first entered South African in 1820s as part of a government program to relieve poverty at home. There is so much that we don't have because of our need to raise "rank". The Dutch in South Africa, to 1774. Originally, South Africa was discovered by the Portuguese in 1488. Other people, such as those known as the Mantatees, were forced to become farmworkers, mainly in the eastern Cape. The British crossed the Great Kei River and ravaged territory of the Gcaleka-Xhosa as well; the Gcaleka chief, Hintsa, invited to hold discussions with British military officials, was held hostage and died trying to escape. Almost all the resources were controlled by Britian and this helped them to build a stronger economy since they are controlling many industries. ... Jun 2013 6,445 USA Jul 8, 2015 #1 What if the British never kept South Africa and it remained Dutch? Cape authorities overhauled their policy in 1828 in order to facilitate labour distribution and to align the region with the growing imperial antislavery ethos. This empire would eventually spread around th… In 1834 they abolished slavery, an act the Boers resented because they believed (as did many others of European descent) that God had established a hierarchy of being in which white Christians were superior to people of indigenous races. It all started on 6 April 1652, when the Dutch seafarer Jan van Riebeeck arrived in Table Bay with his three ships. In 1867, diamonds were found in the town of Kimberley. The British wanted to control South Africa because it was one of the trade routes to India. Various Rharhabe-Xhosa groups were driven from their lands throughout the early 1830s. Williamson, Thad. 1497 - Vasco da Gama rounds the tip of South Africa on his way to India. The original European settlers in 1652 spoke Dutch, which eventually evolved into Afrikaans, but in 1822 the British gained control and proclaimed English as the language of the schools, churches and government. The original trekkers had set out with the stated aim of preserving "proper relations between master and servant." David H. Gough *This article appears as the Introduction to the Dictionary of South African English on Historical Principles. In 1895, the British South Africa Company hired the American scout Frederick Russell Burnham to look for minerals and ways to improve river navigation in the central and southern Africa region. The conflict and rivalry between English - and Afrikaans-speakers goes to the heart of the history of white South Africa. South Africa - South Africa - Resources and power: South Africa is rich in a variety of minerals. It was common practice among the trekkers to kill all adults in conflicts with hunter-gatherers and other natives, while keeping the children to use as laborers. A ban in 1809 on Africans crossing into the Cape aggravated the labour shortage, and so the British, like the Dutch before them, made the Khoe serfs through the Caledon (1809) and Cradock (1812) codes. So sad that anyone in the world now or 300 years ago placed value on the color of a person's skin. Almost all the resources were controlled by Britian and this helped them to build a stronger economy since they are controlling many industries. When the latter started to invade the southern parts of Africa (which they called the Cape), the Khoi-Khoi settlements were already ... parts of South Africa and by 1500 they expanded more southwards and eastwards in the country (Giliomee & Mbenga 2007:30). de Jong. It was initially meant to be a small port town for ships traveling to India, but eventually became a full settlement. Colony administrators and a few wealthy farmers controlled land and resources, but many other white settlers were landless. Between 1835 and 1845, about 15,000 Voortrekkers (people of Dutch extract) moved out of the (British) Cape Colony across the Gariep (Orange) River into the interior of South Africa. In 1795, the Cape Colony became a British colony, before it was returned to the Dutch in 1802. Third, placing this history front and center reminds those of us in the developed world, especially those of us of European descent, of both our historic linkages to colonial oppression and our ongoing collective responsibility—here and now— to address the devastating legacies of that oppression. However, in 1795, Britain gained control of the country, and many British government officials and citizens settled there. Academic historians commonly refer to the events of the 17th century and 18th century in South Africa as the “white invasion” or “conquest.” The first violent conflicts between the Dutch community and natives dates from 1659; over the next 50 years, the settlers took advantage of superior weaponry to gradually gain control of more land and more resources (livestock) formerly controlled or occupied by native Africans. Merino sheep were introduced, and intensive sheep farming was initiated in order to supply wool to British textile mills. Ad Honorem. Many trekkers owned slaves, and the trekkers formed “commando” units for military defense—and aggression—against native Africans. The Dutch settlement history in South Africa began in March 1647 with the shipwreck of the Dutch ship Nieuwe Haarlem. At the end of the 15th Century the Portuguese sailed past the Cape of Good Hope. 19th Century British Library Newspapers Contains full runs of 48 newspapers specially selected by the British Library. Periodic warfare with the Xhosa was a fact of life in the late 18th century, and the trekkers believed they received inadequate support from Cape Town. Such as Mining industry and the gold industry. While European colonialism was first kicked off by Portugal, the Dutch were one of the next major powers to get into the game. The British had chronic difficulties procuring enough labour to build towns and develop new farms. Menu What if the Dutch Kept South Africa? 19th Century British Library Newspapers Contains full runs of 48 newspapers specially selected by the British Library. Also significant for South Africa’s subsequent history is the fact that the white colonial settlement had sharp “gradations of status and wealth,” as historian Leonard Thompson puts it. The raid’s failure saw the end of Rhodes’ political career, but Sir Alfred Milner, British high commissioner in South Africa from 1897, was determined to overthrow Kruger’s government and establish British rule throughout the subcontinent. Mar 2012 2,836 New Amsterdam Forums Login. Nor could the VOC use the Khoi people as slaves. The British colonial secretary, Lord Glenelg, who disapproved of D’Urban’s policy, halted the seizure of all African land east of the Great Kei. Citation Information belgian settlers in south africa were known as boers. D’Urban’s initial attempt to rule conquered Africans with European magistrates and soldiers was overturned by Glenelg; instead, for a time, Africans east of the Keiskamma retained their autonomy and dealt with the colony through diplomatic agents. Ordinance 50 briefly ended the restrictions placed on the Khoe, including removing the requirement for passes, and allowed them to choose their employers, own land, and move more freely. Government beyond the Cape Town region was extremely limited, and the trekkers in effect made their own laws, particularly in dealing with native Africans. To protect the developing economy there, Cape wines were given preferential access to the British market until the mid-1820s. The colonial history of South Africa began with 9 employees of the VOC establishing themselves below the slopes of Table Mountain in 1657. 1910: 'Union' of South Africa The British angered the Afrikaners by freeing their enslaved people. In 1795, England took control of the colony for the first time, a move made permanent in 1806. Resentment against English rule led some colonists of Dutch descent to embark on the "Great Trek" of the 1820s and 30s—a sustained effort, much larger in scale than the 18th-century trek, to achieve both white control over African land and autonomy from the English. After Britain began appointing colonial governors, an advisory council for the governor was established in 1825, which was upgraded to a legislative council in 1834 with a few “unofficial” settler representatives. Then about 2,000 years ago people in the west learned to herd sheep and cattle. The Dutch then set about systematically attacking and undermining Portuguese forts in West Africa and across the Atlantic in Brazil in a sustained campaign that went on for decades. Why does any of this matter, as the world awaits Holland's attempt to win a World Cup for the very first time on Sunday against Spain? In addition to diamonds and gold, the country also contains reserves of iron ore, platinum, manganese, chromium, copper, uranium, silver, beryllium, and titanium. But the VOC did not want to spend its money on the expensive wages that European labourers demanded. The first step in this process included attacks in 1811–12 by the British army on the Xhosa groups, the Gqunukhwebe and Ndlambe. In 1910, the autonomous Union of South Africa was established by the British. Dutch Exploration and ColonizationOverviewIn the sixteenth century the United Provinces of the Netherlands rose from the status of a Spanish possession to a great European power. The formal abolition of slavery took place in 1834–38, and control of African labourers became stricter through the Masters and Servants Ordinance (1841), which imposed criminal penalties for breach of contract and desertion of the workplace and increased the legal powers of settler employers. Instead, I want to suggest three things. the Dutch in the south of the continent. Until the 1840s the British vision of the colony did not include African citizens (referred to pejoratively by the British as “Kaffirs”), so, as Africans lost their land, they were expelled across the Great Fish River, the unilaterally proclaimed eastern border of the colony. Rand Daily Mail (1902-1985) A daily newspaper which covered important happenings in South Africa. The history of almost all powerful nations contain major crimes and injustices (including of course the United States). What if the British never kept South Africa and it remained Dutch? A devastating small pox outbreak in the late 17th century further decimated the Khoikhoi ("Hottentot") native population. When Great Britain went to war with France in 1793, both countries tried to capture the Cape so as to control the important sea route to the East. Africa and it remained Dutch, providing cattle for fresh meat the trekkers had set out with the imperial! 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